Biomolecules

BIOMOLECULES: CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS, PROTEINS, AND NUCLEIC ACIDS
=   = During this unit we will explore what the various molecules that we need to survive. Each biomolecule has a specific role to play in biology. What you should be able to do at the end of the unit is the following:


 * 1) ** Tell me which molecule is used for quick energy by organisms **
 * 2) ** Which one is used for long term energy storage. **
 * 3) ** which ones are used to pass information on to the next generation **
 * 4) ** which one is made up of amino acids **
 * 5) ** Which one is used during cellular respiration and photosynthesis **
 * 6) ** Why enzymes are important, what they look like, and what effects how well they work **

Lets start understanding the difference between the different biomoleclules. We'll start with the carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are the group that we use for quick energy. Things like fruits and vegetables supply you with healthy carbohydrates. These are called simple sugars because they are small and easy for your body to break down. The simple sugars are Monosacharides and Disacharides, (single sugar and double sugar). So read the following short article about carbohydrates and answer the questions and post in the discussion area. Carbohydrate reading

__** Questions for reading **__

 * 1) ===What are the two major groups of carbohydrates? Give me an example of each===
 * 2) ===How does your body use these carbohydrates?===
 * 3) ===What does the hormone Insulin do for you?===

Answer questions about Carbohydrates below
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OK so now yo know what carbohydrates are and what they do for your body, now lets learn about **PROTEINS.** Read the short passage and answer the following questions: Protein reading

Questions for reading #2

 * 1) ===**What types of foods supply you with proteins**===
 * 2) ===**What are proteins made up of (Hint what does the reading say they are broken down to)**===
 * 3) ===**How many amino acids are there? How many are you able to get from eating protein rich foods**===
 * 4) ===**Where do you get the essential amino acids that you need?**===

Answer questions about Proteins below
include component="comments" page="Biomolecules" limit="100" One very important protein that we will talk about throughout the semester is an **ENZYME**, they help us to get energy from the food we eat. Scroll down to the picture of the **GLUCOSE** moleclule and read about the enzyme maltase and answer this question: Watch the short video on how enzymes work.And answer this question: **How do the shapes of the substrates and active site compare to one another (are the compliments of eachother or not?)** how enzymes work

Answer questions about Enzyme shape below
Enzyme picture and reading
 * 1) ===If my sugar is Maltose, what enzyme will break it down?===

Answer questions about Maltose below
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There are three things that have an influence on how well enzymes work. Go to the following site and tell me what the three things are that influence how well the enzyme works. What influences how well enzymes work


 * Post your answers here**

Answer questions about enzyme influence below

 * What does it mean when they say that the enzyme is denatured. Tell me in your own words**

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=LIPIDS: THEY SO PHAT= Lipids have two major functions for us. 1) they insulate our bodies and 2) they are stored energy for animals when there is no quick food supply. If you are an animal in the wild and can't go to Ingles to get your dinner you will need to supply your body with energy so that you can have a chance to survive until you do find some food. ** So lipids are Long term energy storage supplies **for you. Think about the times you have eaten french cries or potatoes chips or any fried food. When you put those on a piece of paper there is a clear stain left behind it is the lipids or FATS!



=Nucleic Acids: They are who I am= The last group of biomolecules that we will talk about is the Nucleic acids. This is the group the DNA and RNA belong to. DNA is a double stranded molecule that has all the instructions to make whatever your body needs and all the instructions to make you. Look at the picture of the DNA miolecule below, and answer this question 1) What do A's (Adenine) pair up with 2) what do G's (Guanine)pair up with? put your answer in the discussion board after you watch the short video

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What you should be able to do is this: Given a certian DNA sequence for one half of the molecule you should be able to build the other half (**complimentary half**) knowing the base pair rule, Example: AAC TGT GCG CGT. Could you tell me what the other half is? Put your answer in the discussion board below:

RNA is a nucleic acid and it acts as a messenger for DNA. When ever your body needs to repair itself the DNA opens up and builds a RNA molecule that will make the protein needed. RNA is a single stranded molecule that has four letters just like DNA. There is one difference though, RNA's four letters are A, U, G, C.

So what you are going to be expected to do is build the RNA molecule based on what the DNA molecule is. to do this there is one trickey part. IN ** DNA its A to T and C to G **, but When going to RNA there is no T so for ** RNA its A to U and C to G. The trick is when there is a T on the DNA you still hook it up with an A on the RNA. **** Look at the picture to see what I am talking about **

turn in handout here!
 * Complete the worksheet below save to your student folder and turn into my moodle site at link below reading**

=ONLINE LAB TESTING THE BIOMOLECULES.= Read the directions at the website and do the online lab. The link is below: Online Lab

Look at the word equation for photosynthesis and cellular respiration (you will need to scroll down to see both equations. Would be a good idea to write each equation on a piece of paper) and tell me how the products (stuff on right side of equal sign) and reactants (stuff on left side of equal sign) compare to one another. Use this information to create your Venn diagram. Cellular respiration and photsynthesis compared this table can be found at the following website: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/photosynthesis-and-cellular-respiration.html
 * Between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration**
 * **Sr. No.** || **Photosynthesis** || **Cellular Respiration** ||
 * 1 || Photosynthesis is a process wherein plants utilize sunlight to make food. || Cellular respiration is a process that converts this food into energy which is used by plants and other living organisms. ||
 * 2 || It takes place inside the chloroplasts, organelles inside the plant cells that contain chlorophyll. || It takes place inside the mitochondria, organelles capable of breaking down glucose. ||
 * 3 || Photosynthesis requires energy to produce glucose. || Cellular respiration uses this glucose to create energy (ATP). ||
 * 4 || It takes carbon dioxide, water and sunlight from the atmosphere to create sugar and releases oxygen back into the air. || It combines sugars with oxygen, releases the energy as ATP and carbon dioxide and water as by products. ||
 * 5 || Photosynthesis occurs in plants and some bacteria. || Cellular respiration occurs in all living organisms. ||

Now I want you to create a Venn diagram comparing photosynthesis and cellular respiration using the following document to create the diagram.Remember what is unique to each goes into the portion of the bubble that is not overlapping, what both have in common goes into the part of the bubbles that do overlap. creating venn diagram in Microsoft Word

When you have finished the diagram, save it to your student folder and turn into my Moodle page at link provided. Then return to this page to complete this assignment

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